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Solid properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o solid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p liquid: 181,2 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p gas: 103,6 J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o liquid +12.0 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o liquid: 220.96 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c ...
Toluene (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u iː n /), also known as toluol (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u. ɒ l , - ɔː l , - oʊ l / ), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [ 15 ] with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 3 , often abbreviated as PhCH 3 , where Ph stands for the phenyl group.
Toluene (or methylbenzene) is a common chemical found in chemistry laboratories. An alkylbenzene is a chemical compound that contains a monocyclic aromatic ring attaching to one or more saturated hydrocarbon chains. [1] Alkylbenzenes are derivatives of benzene, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups.
Hippuric acid has long been used as an indicator of toluene exposure; [14] however, there appears to be some doubt about its validity. [15] There is significant endogenous hippuric acid production by humans; which shows inter- and intra-individual variation influenced by factors such as diet, medical treatment, alcohol consumption, etc. [15] This suggests that hippuric acid may be an ...
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
In the last column, major departures of solids at standard temperatures from the Dulong–Petit law value of 3 R, are usually due to low atomic weight plus high bond strength (as in diamond) causing some vibration modes to have too much energy to be available to store thermal energy at the measured temperature.
The definition structure is based on the scientific concept of 'examination' – an examination studies one or more properties of a system (a delimited part of the universe). In a clinical laboratory terminology such as the NPU terminology the system of interest is assumed to be (part of) the patient or the environment, and the NPU definition ...
Several dichlorotoluenes are prepared by treatment of toluene or monochlorotoluenes with chlorine in the presence of various Lewis acids. Purification is challenging because the individual isomers have similar properties. The 2,6 and 3,5 isomers do not form acceptably from toluene or chlorotoluenes, so these isomers are prepared by indirect ...