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The principalía or noble class [1]: 331 was the ruling and usually educated upper class in the pueblos of Spanish Philippines, comprising the gobernadorcillo (later called the capitán municipal and had functions similar to a town mayor), tenientes de justicia (lieutenants of justice), and the cabezas de barangay (heads of the barangays) who governed the districts.
The occurrence of a Philippine noble becoming a "principal" was only mutually recognized by both the Spanish king and that noble after the noble swore allegiance to the Spanish king. In insular Spanish records, the principalia was also sometimes referred to as nobility, and principals also as nobles.
A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess.It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity.
Gobernadorcillos circa 1833. The gobernadorcillo (locally [ɡoβeɾnaðoɾˈsiʎo], literally "little governor") was a municipal judge or governor in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, who carried out in a town the combined charges or responsibilities of leadership, economic, and judicial administration.
Simbulan authored several books on Philippine political history, including his memoir Whose Side are We On?, which detailed the events leading up to the declaration of martial law from the perspective of a PMA insider, [13] and his 2005 book The Modern Principalia: the Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. [14] [15]
A cabeza de barangay ("barangay head"), also known as teniente del barrio ("holder of the barrio"), was the head of a barangay or barrio political unit in the Philippines during Spanish rule. [1]
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
For colonial Spain, the forced labor system was necessary to establish a reliable source of labor in the Philippines. [7] It was also a source for government revenue as males who want to avoid polo y servicio had to pay the falla, which was the equivalent of one and half reales per day.