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Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet wavelengths and has low background concentrations in the atmosphere. These characteristics make sulphur dioxide a good target for volcanic gas monitoring. It can be detected by satellite-based instruments, which allow for global monitoring, and by ground-based instruments such as DOAS.
an estimated 10–120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, produced the "Year Without a Summer" [23] 1808 ice core event: Unknown eruption near equator, magnitude roughly half Tambora: Emission of sulfur dioxide around the amount of the 1815 Tambora eruption (ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland). [24] 1808
Sulfur dioxide is an intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid, being converted to sulfur trioxide, and then to oleum, which is made into sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide for this purpose is made when sulfur combines with oxygen. The method of converting sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid is called the contact process. Several million tons are ...
A volcanic eruption is essentially the only natural way for short-lived – less than a few years – gases like sulfur dioxide and water vapor to make it into the stratosphere.
Some eruptions cooled the global climate—inducing a volcanic winter—depending on the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted and the magnitude of the eruption. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Before the present Holocene epoch, the criteria are less strict because of scarce data availability, partly since later eruptions have destroyed the evidence.
On September 10, Kanlaon produced its highest volume of sulfur dioxide emissions since 2009, at 9,985 tonnes, prompting PHIVOLCS to raise concern over its possible first magmatic eruption since 1902. [14] The record was surpassed the next day, when 11,556 tons of sulfur dioxide was emitted. [15]
Mount Pinatubo and the other volcanoes on this volcanic belt arise due to magmatic occlusion from this subduction plate boundary. [ 16 ] Pinatubo is flanked on the west by the Zambales Ophiolite Complex, which is an easterly-dipping section of Eocene oceanic crust uplifted during the late Oligocene .
It has a low shield profile and contrasts with adjacent steep-sided Nyiragongo volcano. Sulfur dioxide emissions by volcanoes, 1979-2003. Nyamuragira volcano is responsible for a large portion of the sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere by volcanoes. Lava flows from Nyamuragira (upper left) extend to Lake Kivu.