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Primary familial brain calcification [1] (PFBC), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) and Fahr's disease, [1] is a rare, [2] genetically dominant or recessive, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement.
Neurologic symptoms and signs vary depending on the site of the brain abnormalities. Common symptoms are partial epilepsy, asymmetric spasticity, ataxia and cognitive impairment. [1] [2] [3] The latter affects visuospatial and visuoconstructive skills first. The intracranial pressure can be elevated if cysts develop in the brain.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor.Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. [1] These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.
The main manifestation of the condition is the development of bilateral benign brain tumors in the nerve sheath of the cranial nerve VIII, which is the "auditory-vestibular nerve" that transmits sensory information from the inner ear to the brain. Besides, other benign brain and spinal tumors occur. Symptoms depend on the presence, localisation ...
Central neurocytoma (CNC) is an extremely rare, ordinarily benign intraventricular brain tumour that typically forms from the neuronal cells of the septum pellucidum. [1] The majority of central neurocytomas grow inwards into the ventricular system forming interventricular neurocytomas. This leads to two primary symptoms of CNCs, blurred vision ...
Various kinds of tumors, usually primary and benign, are represented in the pathology. Lesions in the area of cerebellopontine angle cause signs and symptoms secondary to compression of nearby cranial nerves, including cranial nerve V (trigeminal), cranial nerve VII (facial), and cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear). The most common ...
A craniopharyngioma is a rare type of brain tumor derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue [1] that occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. It may present at any age, even in the prenatal and neonatal periods, but peak incidence rates are childhood-onset at 5–14 years and adult-onset at 50–74 years. [2]
The treatment approach depends on the site, size and symptoms present, as well as the history of hemorrhage from the lesion. [27] Microsurgery is generally preferred if the cerebral cavernous hemangioma is superficial in the central nervous system, or the risk of damage to surrounding tissue from irradiation is too high.