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Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H 3 C(CH 2) 5 CH 3 or C 7 H 16. When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is 100% iso-octane ).
The formation of heptanal in the fractional distillation of castor oil [3] was already described in 1878. The large-scale production is based on the pyrolytic cleavage of ricinoleic acid [4] (Arkema method) and on the hydroformylation of 1-hexene with rhodium 2-ethylhexanoate as a catalyst upon addition of some 2-ethylhexanoic acid (Oxea method): [2] [5]
The density and boiling are the lowest of the isomers of heptane. The dielectric constant is 1.915, the lowest of the heptane isomers. The critical temperature is 247.7 °C and critical pressure 28.4 atmospheres. The refractive index at 20° is 1.38233, the same as for 2,4-dimethylpentane, equal lowest for the heptane isomers.
Norbornane (also known as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) is an organic compound and a saturated hydrocarbon with chemical formula C 7 H 12. It is a crystalline compound with a melting point of 88 °C . The carbon skeleton is derived from cyclohexane ring with a methylene bridge in the 1,4- position, and is a bridged bicyclic compound.
It is an heptane molecule with a methyl group attached to its second atom. It is a flammable colorless liquid used as fuel. [2] If the standard definition of the prefix "iso-" is strictly used then 2-methylheptane can be called "Isooctane".
2-Heptanone, also known as methyl n-amyl ketone, or Heptan-2-one, is a ketone with the molecular formula C 7 H 14 O. It is a colorless, water-like liquid with a banana-like, fruity odor. 2-Heptanone has a neutral formal charge, and is only slightly soluble in water. [4]
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 3 CCH 2 CH(CH 3) 2.It is one of several isomers of octane (C 8 H 18).This particular isomer is the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (the zero point is n-heptane).