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The Gigatron TTL is a retro-style 8-bit computer, where the CPU is implemented by a set of TTL chips instead of a single microprocessor, imitating the hardware present in early arcades. Its target is the computing enthusiasts , for studying or hobby purposes.
A memory controller, also known as memory chip controller (MCC) or a memory controller unit (MCU), is a digital circuit that manages the flow of data going to and from a computer's main memory. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When a memory controller is integrated into another chip, such as an integral part of a microprocessor , it is usually called an integrated ...
HSA defines a special case of memory sharing, where the MMU of the CPU and the IOMMU of the GPU have an identical pageable virtual address space.. In computer hardware, shared memory refers to a (typically large) block of random access memory (RAM) that can be accessed by several different central processing units (CPUs) in a multiprocessor computer system.
A notable exception was the IBM PC. Graphics display was facilitated by the use of an expansion card with its own memory plugged into an ISA slot. The first IBM PC to use the SMA was the IBM PCjr, released in 1984. Video memory was shared with the first 128 KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet ...
Diagram of a symmetric multiprocessing system. Symmetric multiprocessing or shared-memory multiprocessing [1] (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all input and output devices, and are controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all ...
CPU Sim has the following features: allows the creation of a CPU (a virtual one), including the registers, RAM, microinstructions, and machine instructions; allows the creation, editing, and execution of assembly language programs for the simulated CPU; allows stepping forward and backward through the execution of assembly language programs.
Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channels. Similarly, a processing circuitry inside a multi-core processor can transfer data to and from its local memory without occupying its processor time, allowing computation and data transfer to proceed in parallel.
Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) is a computer memory design used in multiprocessing, where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to the processor. Under NUMA, a processor can access its own local memory faster than non-local memory (memory local to another processor or memory shared between processors). [ 1 ]