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The "Letter from Birmingham Jail", also known as the "Letter from Birmingham City Jail" and "The Negro Is Your Brother", is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr. It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come ...
In 1963, while jailed in Birmingham, Alabama, during anti-segregation protests, King penned the famous words, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”
The Birmingham Police Department (BPD) is the police department of the city of Birmingham, Alabama, in the United States. The department operates in an area of 148.61 square miles across two counties (384.91 km 2 ) and a population of 212,237 people.
Birmingham, Alabama was, in 1963, "probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States", according to King. [8] Although the city's population of almost 350,000 was 60% white and 40% black, [9] Birmingham had no black police officers, firefighters, sales clerks in department stores, bus drivers, bank tellers, or store cashiers.
The offshoot States' Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats) nominated Strom Thurmond for president at its convention in Birmingham's Municipal Auditorium. [10] Connor's second run for governor failed in 1954. He was the center of controversy that year by pushing through a city ordinance in Birmingham that outlawed "communism." [11]
The Call asked the "Negro community" of Birmingham to withdraw support from King's demonstrations. [2] Responding to the April 12, 1963, Call for Unity, King, incarcerated in the city jail after being arrested for his part in the Birmingham campaign, wrote an open letter on April 16, 1963, known as The "Letter from Birmingham Jail".
Birmingham was the site of the 1963 Birmingham campaign; Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail; the Children's Crusade, with its images of students being attacked by water hoses and dogs; the bombing of the A.G. Gaston Motel – the movement's headquarters motel, now designated as part of the National Monument; and the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.
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