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The advent of the first low dead space syringe occurred with the creation of 1-ml syringes designed specifically for the administration of insulin. Then amongst the scare of HIV and rising concern of other communicable diseases to healthcare workers the creation of safety syringes occurred in 1988.
A hypodermic syringe has the ability to retain liquid and blood in it up to years after the last use and a great deal of caution should be taken to use a new syringe every time. The hypodermic needle also serves an important role in research environments where sterile conditions are required.
Oral syringes are available in various sizes, from 1–10 mL and larger. An oral syringe is typically purple in colour to distinguish it from a standard injection syringe with a luer tip. [24] The sizes most commonly used are 1 mL, 2.5 mL, 3 mL, 5 mL and 10 mL. [25]
A syringe with a male luer lock fitting, and a needle with female luer lock fitting (purple) which screws into it. The Luer taper is a standardized system of small-scale fluid fittings used for making leak-free connections between a male-taper fitting and its mating female part on medical and laboratory instruments, including hypodermic syringe tips and needles or stopcocks and needles.
In 1984 Koska read a newspaper article predicting the transmission of HIV through the reuse of needles and syringes. In order to find a solution, he studied how drug addicts used syringes in the UK, went to Geneva to learn about Public Health Policy, visited several syringe factories, studied plastic injection moulding, and read everything available on the transmission of viruses like HIV.
The injection should be made with a tuberculin syringe, with the needle bevel facing upward. When placed correctly, injection should produce a pale wheal of the skin, 6 to 10 mm in diameter. The result of the test is read after 48–96 hours, ideally after 72 hours/3rd day. This procedure is termed the 'Mantoux technique'.