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A culvert is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom, the word can also be used for a longer artificially buried watercourse. [1]
The size of the culverts (often concrete pipes) is usually selected to allow the water to flow below the roadway and provide a dry crossing surface for most of the year. During periods of high water flow (e.g. spring runoff or flash floods), water will flow over the top of the crossing, as the culverts are not large enough to carry these flood ...
It is a jointless, seamless pipe lining within an existing pipe. As one of the most widely used rehabilitation methods, CIPP has applications in sewer, water, gas, chemical and district heating pipelines ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 2.8 meters (2–110 inches).
The energy consumed in manufacturing ductile iron pipe was 19.55 MJ per kg and volume of emissions released during manufacture was 1.430 kg CO 2 per kg, compared to 68.30 MJ per kg of energy and 4.860 kg CO 2 per kg emissions for PVC pipes, and 1.24 MJ per kg and 0.148 kg CO 2 per kg for concrete pipes of the same diameter. [32]
The problem with concrete- or pipe-based solutions that funnel water away from flooded areas is that they are expensive, lack flexibility and require constant maintenance, Yu said. ... for example ...
The tremie concrete placement method uses a vertical or nearly vertical pipe, through which concrete is placed by gravity feed below water level. [4]The lower end of the pipe is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that concrete rising from the bottom displaces the water above it, thus limiting washing out of the cement content of the fresh concrete at the exposed upper surface.