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Every conservative force has a potential energy. By following two principles one can consistently assign a non-relative value to U: Wherever the force is zero, its potential energy is defined to be zero as well. Whenever the force does work, potential energy is lost.
The ancient Greek understanding of physics was limited to the statics of simple machines (the balance of forces), and did not include dynamics or the concept of work. During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how far they could lift a load, in addition to the force they could apply, leading ...
For extended objects composed of many particles, the kinetic energy of the composite body is the sum of the kinetic energies of the particles. The work–energy theorem states that for a particle of constant mass m, the total work W done on the particle as it moves from position r 1 to r 2 is equal to the change in kinetic energy E k of the ...
This is often called the impulse-momentum theorem (analogous to the work-energy theorem). As a result, an impulse may also be regarded as the change in momentum of an object to which a resultant force is applied.
Gradient theorem (vector calculus) Graph structure theorem (graph theory) Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry) Great orthogonality theorem (group theory) Green–Tao theorem (number theory) Green's theorem (vector calculus) Grinberg's theorem (graph theory) Gromov's compactness theorem (Riemannian geometry)
Castigliano's method for calculating displacements is an application of his second theorem, which states: If the strain energy of a linearly elastic structure can be expressed as a function of generalised force Q i then the partial derivative of the strain energy with respect to generalised force gives the generalised displacement q i in the direction of Q i.
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The work of a force on a particle along a virtual displacement is known as the virtual work. Historically, virtual work and the associated calculus of variations were formulated to analyze systems of rigid bodies, [1] but they have also been developed for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies. [2]