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In experimental physics, a quadrupole ion trap or paul trap is a type of ion trap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles. They are also called radio frequency (RF) traps or Paul traps in honor of Wolfgang Paul , who invented the device [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work. [ 3 ]
Trapped ion with axes of motion. The ion is shown with the radial confining electrodes of a linear Paul trap. Axial motion (red arrow) is parallel to the radial electrodes and radial motion takes place in the plane given by the green arrows. In a Paul trap, axial motion is confined by a static field and radial motion by the oscillating field.
The ToF of the ion is measured by an electron multiplier particle detector and can be used to determine the corresponding mass. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The two Penning traps following the MR-ToF are the preparation Penning trap and the precision Penning trap. [ 4 ]
The first TOF mass spectrometer (basically, a flight tube which ends up with the timed ion selector) isolates precursor ions of choice using a velocity filter, typically, of a Bradbury–Nielsen type, and the second TOF-MS (that includes the post accelerator, flight tube, ion mirror, and the ion detector) analyzes the fragment ions.
A sector instrument can be combined with a collision quadrupole and quadrupole mass analyzer to form a hybrid instrument. [1] A BEqQ configuration with a magnetic sector (B), electric sector (E), collision quadrupole (q) and m/z selection quadrupole (Q) have been constructed [2] [3] and an instrument with two electric sectors (BEEQ) has been described.
Ion trajectories in an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. In mass spectrometry, Orbitrap is an ion trap mass analyzer consisting of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that traps ions in an orbital motion around the spindle.