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Ancient Egyptian mathematics is the mathematics that was developed and used in Ancient Egypt c. 3000 to c. 300 BCE, from the Old Kingdom of Egypt until roughly the beginning of Hellenistic Egypt. The ancient Egyptians utilized a numeral system for counting and solving written mathematical problems, often involving multiplication and fractions .
In the history of mathematics, Egyptian algebra, as that term is used in this article, refers to algebra as it was developed and used in ancient Egypt. Ancient Egyptian mathematics as discussed here spans a time period ranging from c. 3000 BCE to c. 300 BCE. There are limited surviving examples of ancient Egyptian algebraic problems.
Egyptian geometry refers to geometry as it was developed and used in Ancient Egypt. Their geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. [1] We only have a limited number of problems from ancient Egypt that concern geometry.
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The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus dates to the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt.It was copied by the scribe Ahmes (i.e., Ahmose; Ahmes is an older transcription favoured by historians of mathematics) from a now-lost text from the reign of the 12th dynasty king Amenemhat III.
Significant advances in ancient Egypt during the dynastic period include astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.Their geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of fertile farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile River. [1]
Truncating this sequence to k terms and forming the corresponding Egyptian fraction, e.g. (for k = 4) + + + = results in the closest possible underestimate of 1 by any k-term Egyptian fraction. [5] That is, for example, any Egyptian fraction for a number in the open interval ( 1805 / 1806 , 1) requires at least five terms.
The Akhmim wooden tablets, also known as the Cairo wooden tablets [1] are two wooden writing tablets from ancient Egypt, solving arithmetical problems. They each measure around 18 by 10 inches (460 mm × 250 mm) and are covered with plaster. The tablets are inscribed on both sides.