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The Kaplan–Meier estimator, [1] [2] also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data. In medical research, it is often used to measure the fraction of patients living for a certain amount of time after treatment.
Paul Meier (July 24, 1924 – August 7, 2011) [1] was a statistician who promoted the use of randomized trials in medicine. [2] [3]Meier is known for introducing, with Edward L. Kaplan, the Kaplan–Meier estimator, [4] [5] a method for measuring how many patients survive a medical treatment from one duration to another, taking into account that the sampled population changes over time.
[1] [2] By analyzing the product's response to such tests, engineers can make predictions about the service life and maintenance intervals of a product. [3] [4] In polymers, testing may be done at elevated temperatures to produce a result in a shorter amount of time than it could be produced at ambient temperatures.
This topic is called reliability theory, reliability analysis or reliability engineering in engineering, duration analysis or duration modelling in economics, and event history analysis in sociology. Survival analysis attempts to answer certain questions, such as what is the proportion of a population which will survive past a certain time?
[2] If the coding was accurate, this figure should approximate 1.0 as the rate of those dying of non-cancer deaths (in a population of cancer sufferers) should approximate that of the general population. Thus, the use of relative survival provides an accurate way to measure survival rates that are associated with the cancer in question.
B. John Garrick (March 5, 1930 – November 1, 2020) was an American engineer who contributed to the field of risk sciences, particularly in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). He founded PLG, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in probabilistic risk assessment and management of technological systems.
The technique was developed in the Sandia Laboratories for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. [4] Its primary author is Swain, who developed the THERP methodology gradually over a lengthy period. [2] THERP relies on a large human reliability database that contains HEPs and is based upon both plant data and expert judgments. The technique was ...
The Nelson–Aalen estimator is a non-parametric estimator of the cumulative hazard rate function in case of censored data or incomplete data. [1] It is used in survival theory, reliability engineering and life insurance to estimate the cumulative number of expected events. An "event" can be the failure of a non-repairable component, the death ...