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The FOX reagent, or ferrous oxidation−xylenol orange, is used to measure levels of hydrogen peroxide in biological systems. [1] The reagent is incubated with the sample and absorbance of the product form after a series of oxidation reactions is then measured at a wavelength of 560 nm.
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
Permanganometry is one of the techniques used in chemical quantitative analysis. It is a redox titration that involves the use of permanganates to measure the amount of analyte present in unknown chemical samples. [1]
The free radicals generated by this process engage in secondary reactions. For example, the hydroxyl is a powerful, non-selective oxidant. [6] Oxidation of an organic compound by Fenton's reagent is rapid and exothermic and results in the oxidation of contaminants to primarily carbon dioxide and water.
Hydroxyl radicals are produced with the help of one or more primary oxidants (e.g. ozone, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen) and/or energy sources (e.g. ultraviolet light) or catalysts (e.g. titanium dioxide). Precise, pre-programmed dosages, sequences and combinations of these reagents are applied in order to obtain a maximum •OH yield.
A closely related mixture, sometimes called "base piranha", is a 5:1:1 mixture of water, ammonia solution (NH 4 OH, or NH 3 (aq)), and 30% hydrogen peroxide. [2] [3] As hydrogen peroxide is less stable at high pH than under acidic conditions, NH 4 OH (pH c. 11.6) also accelerates its decomposition.
This hydrogen peroxide then releases hydrogen peroxide: [(HO) 3 B(OOH)] − + H 2 O ⇌ B(OH) − 4 + H 2 O 2. Several metal hydroperoxide complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Some form by the reaction of metal hydrides with oxygen gas: [17] L n M−H + O 2 → L n M−O−O−H (L n refers to other ligands bound to the ...
For example, the loss of blue color in leuco-methylene blue is selective for hydrogen peroxide. [21] Quantitative analysis of hydroperoxides can be performed using potentiometric titration with lithium aluminium hydride. [22] Another way to evaluate the content of peracids and peroxides is the volumetric titration with alkoxides such as sodium ...