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One of the first major changes effected by Abbasid rule was the move of the caliphate's center of power from Syria to Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). This was closer to the Persian mawali support base of the Abbasids and the move addressed their demand for reduced Arab dominance in the empire. [18] However, no definitive capital was yet selected.
Al-Mu'tasim, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader. Al-Wathiq, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship. Al-Mutawakkil, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.
Support for the Abbasid revolution came from people of diverse backgrounds, with almost all levels of society supporting armed opposition to Umayyad rule. [9] This was especially pronounced among Muslims of non-Arab descent, [10] [11] [12] though even Arab Muslims resented Umayyad rule and centralized authority over their nomadic lifestyles.
Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the Saffarids rebellion and subjugation of the Zanj Revolt. Establishment of the autonomous Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in Transoxiana, Persia, Sind and Punjab, North Africa, Middle East and Arabia. 16 October 892 – 5 April 902 al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh: Abū'l-ʿAbbās ...
As with any war of such length, the drawn-out Byzantine–Arab Wars had long-lasting effects for both the Byzantine Empire and the Arab world. The Byzantines experienced extensive territorial loss. However, while the invading Arabs gained strong control in the Middle East and Africa, further conquests in Western Asia were halted.
Members of the Abbasid clan started flocking to Kufa as soon as it was freed from Umayyad rule. [5] While its military forces were victorious, the Hashimiyya at this point had been left leaderless, as its hidden imam , the Abbasid Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, had been executed by the Umayyads at Harran . [ 5 ]
Round city of Baghdad. Baghdad was founded on 30 July 762 CE. It was designed by Caliph al-Mansur. [1] According to 11th-century scholar Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in his History of Baghdad, [2] each course of the city wall consisted of 162,000 bricks for the first third of the wall's height.
Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517; North Africa, Middle East) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo; Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554) Saadi dynasty (1511–1628) Alaouite dynasty (1631–present) Algeria. Emirate of Tlemcen (736–790) Emirate of Cordoba (756–929) Rustamid dynasty (777–909) Banu Ifran (830–1040) Fatimid dynasty (909–1171) Zirid ...