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The first American women enlisted into the regular armed forces were 13,000 women admitted into active duty in the U.S. Navy during the war. They served stateside in jobs and received the same benefits and responsibilities as men, including identical pay (US$28.75 per month), and were treated as veterans after the war.
Into the Breach: American Women Overseas in World War I (1991) Wagner, Nancy O'Brien. "Awfully Busy These Days: Red Cross Women in France during World War I." Minnesota History 63#1 (2012): 24–35. online; Zeiger, Susan. In Uncle Sam's Service: Women Workers with the American Expeditionary Force, 1917-1919 (Cornell UP, 1999).
Women's participation in WWI fostered the support and development of the suffrage movement, including in the United States. [7] During the Second World War, women's contributions to industrial labor in factories located on the home front kept society and the military running while the world was in chaos. [2]
Hello Girls was the colloquial name for American female switchboard operators in World War I, formally known as the Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit. During World War I, these switchboard operators were sworn into the U.S. Army Signal Corps. [1] Until 1977 they were officially categorized as civilian "contract employees" of the US Army.
American women never served in combat roles (as did some Russians), but many were eager to serve as nurses and support personnel in uniform. [69] During the course of the war, 21,498 U.S. Army nurses (American military nurses were all women then) served in military hospitals in the United States and overseas.
A few women were elected to office, but none became especially prominent during this time period. Overall, the women's rights movement was dormant in the 1920s, since Susan B. Anthony and the other prominent activists had died, and apart from Alice Paul few younger women came along to replace them.
During World War I and World War II, the primary role of women shifted towards employment in munitions factories, agriculture and food rationing, and other areas to fill the gaps left by men who had been drafted into the military. One of the most notable changes during World War II was the inclusion of many of women in regular military units.
Fanny Garrison Villard, daughter of William Lloyd Garrison, chair of the August 1914 Woman's Peace Parade Committee, and initiator of the Woman's Peace Party. Although the establishment of a permanent organization did not follow for more than four months, the roots of the Woman's Peace Party lay in a protest march of 1,500 women in New York City on August 29, 1914. [1]