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Protestants now filled many leadership positions in government. With this new power, however, came the persecution of many Catholics. [10] As new branches of Protestantism (such as the Presbyterian church) grew, similarities between the Catholic and Protestant churches steadily decreased during this time.
To believe otherwise would be superstition at best and idolatry at worst. [24] [25] Early Protestants portrayed Catholic practices such as confession to priests, clerical celibacy, and requirements to fast and keep vows as burdensome and spiritually oppressive. Not only did purgatory lack any biblical basis according to Protestants, but the ...
The Protestants characterize the dogma concerning the Pope as Christ's representative head of the Church on earth, the concept of works made meritorious by Christ, and the Catholic idea of a treasury of the merits of Christ and his saints, as a denial that Christ is the only mediator between God and man. Catholics, on the other hand, maintained ...
Reformed theologians, along with other Protestants, believe salvation from punishment for sin is to be given to all those who have faith in Christ. [69] Faith is not purely intellectual, but involves trust in God's promise to save. [70] Protestants do not hold there to be any other requirement for salvation, but that faith alone is sufficient. [69]
A Eurobarometer opinion poll in 2010 reported that 37% of UK citizens "believed there is a god", 33% believe there is "some sort of spirit or life force" and 25% answered "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, god or life force". [105] The 2008 European Social Survey suggested that 46.94% of UK citizens never prayed and 18.96% prayed ...
Protestant culture refers to the cultural practices that have developed within Protestantism. Although the founding Protestant Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts. [1] [2]
Data from the 2021 census released on Thursday showed 45.7% of respondents now identified as Catholic or were brought up Catholic, compared with 43.5% identifying as Protestants.
The Evolution of the English Churches, 1500–2000 (2003) 400pp; Ryrie, Alec. Protestants: The Faith That Made the Modern World (2017) excerpt, covers last five centuries; Winship, Michael P. Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America (Yale UP, 2019) excerpt; Wylie, James Aitken. The History of Protestantism (3 vol. 1899 ...