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The Sun closely approximates a black-body radiator. The effective temperature, defined by the total radiative power per square unit, is 5772 K. [12] The color temperature of sunlight above the atmosphere is about 5900 K. [13] The Sun may appear red, orange, yellow, or white from Earth, depending on its position in the sky.
In fact, lightning can, and often does, strike the same place more than once. Lightning in a thunderstorm is more likely to strike objects and spots that are more prominent or conductive. For instance, lightning strikes the Empire State Building in New York City on average 23 times per year. [166] [167] [168]
Cloud-to-ground lightning. Typically, lightning discharges 30,000 amperes, at up to 100 million volts, and emits light, radio waves, x-rays and even gamma rays. [1] Plasma temperatures in lightning can approach 28,000 kelvins. Atmospheric electricity describes the electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet).
Lightning as an example of plasma present at Earth's surface: Typically, lightning discharges 30 kiloamperes at up to 100 megavolts, and emits radio waves, light, X- and even gamma rays. [36] Plasma temperatures can approach 30000 K and electron densities may exceed 10 24 m −3 .
Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. [1] [2] [3] Depending upon the distance from and nature of the lightning, it can range from a long, low rumble to a sudden, loud crack. The sudden increase in temperature and hence pressure caused by the lightning produces rapid expansion of the air in the path of a lightning bolt. [4]
The effective temperature of the Sun (5778 kelvins) is the temperature a black body of the same size must have to yield the same total emissive power.. The effective temperature of a star is the temperature of a black body with the same luminosity per surface area (F Bol) as the star and is defined according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law F Bol = σT eff 4.
-Here's Your February Temperature Outlook Weather.com staff writer Jan Childs covers breaking news and features related to weather, space, climate change, the environment and everything in between ...
Lightning currents have a very fast rise time, on the order of 40 kA per microsecond. Hence, although lightning is a form of direct current, conductors of such currents exhibit marked skin effect as with an alternating current, causing most of the currents to flow through the outer surface of the conductor. [32]