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Misleading graphs are often used in false advertising. One of the first authors to write about misleading graphs was Darrell Huff, publisher of the 1954 book How to Lie with Statistics. The field of data visualization describes ways to present information that avoids creating misleading graphs.
Examples of unnecessary elements that might be called chartjunk include heavy or dark grid lines, unnecessary text, inappropriately complex or gimmicky font faces, ornamented chart axes, and display frames, pictures, backgrounds or icons within data graphs, ornamental shading and unnecessary dimensions.
Interactive data visualization enables direct actions on a graphical plot to change elements and link between multiple plots. [59] Interactive data visualization has been a pursuit of statisticians since the late 1960s. Examples of the developments can be found on the American Statistical Association video lending library. [60]
In addition, the choice of appropriate statistical graphics can provide a convincing means of communicating the underlying message that is present in the data to others. [1] Graphical statistical methods have four objectives: [2] The exploration of the content of a data set; The use to find structure in data; Checking assumptions in statistical ...
Most investors heaved a sigh of relief when the nation's gross domestic product, a broad measure of economic activity, rose 3.5% in the third quarter, signaling that the recession had ended. But ...
The four datasets composing Anscombe's quartet. All four sets have identical statistical parameters, but the graphs show them to be considerably different. Anscombe's quartet comprises four datasets that have nearly identical simple descriptive statistics, yet have very different distributions and appear very different when graphed.
The sea level data in the post does not show annual mean – or average – sea levels at Fort Denison. The actual annual average sea level in that area was higher in 2019 than in 1914, according ...
Manipulation of the graph's X-axis can also mislead; see the graph to the right. Both graphs are technically accurate depictions of the data they depict, and do use 0 as the base value of the Y-axis; but the rightmost graph only shows the "trough"; so it would be misleading to claim it depicts typical data over that time period.