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Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit. [5] [3]
Patients with mitral valve regurgitation typically have a holosystolic murmur, meaning it lasts for the duration of systole. Now even though we said that left-sided heart failure can cause mitral regurgitation, it also goes the other way, mitral regurgitation can be a cause of left-sided heart failure.
The onset of symptoms may be earlier in children with more significant mitral regurgitation. [ 3 ] In the complete AVSD (CAVSD), there is a large ventricular component beneath either or both the superior or inferior bridging leaflets of the AV valve.
Hypertension is treated in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, with the anti-hypersensives of choice being calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs. [8] Also, endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated before dental, gastrointestinal or genitourinary procedures. [ 16 ]
It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm 2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm 2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis in pregnancy is very important as the heart cannot tolerate increased cardiac output demand as in the case of exercise and pregnancy.
Mitral valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure performed by cardiac surgeons to treat stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve. The mitral valve is the "inflow valve" for the left side of the heart. Blood flows from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, through the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium of the heart.