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High resolution MRI may show hyperenhancement of the blood vessel walls in primary CNS vasculitis and may help to distinguish the lesions form atherosclerotic plaques or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome which have similar morphology on angiography. MRI usually also shows multiple infarcts, enhancement of the leptomeninges (the ...
Congenital diseases are medical conditions that are present at birth that may be associated with or inherited through genes. [16] Examples of congenital cerebrovascular diseases include arteriovenous malformations, germinal matrix hemorrhage, and CADASIL (cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy). [9]
Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
Focal injuries typically have symptoms that are related to the damaged area of the brain. [3] Stroke can produce focal damage that is associated with signs and symptoms that correspond to the part of the brain that was damaged. [1] For example, if a speech center of the brain such as Broca's area is damaged, problems with speech are common.
This disease is linked to the central nervous system (brain, eye, spinal cord). They are abnormal clusters of closely packed, thin-walled blood vessels that usually form caverns. The lesions contain slow-moving or clotted blood. Lesions in the brain and spinal cord are particularly fragile and likely to bleed. [8]
A brainstem stroke syndrome falls under the broader category of stroke syndromes, or specific symptoms caused by vascular injury to an area of brain (for example, the lacunar syndromes).
Surgery is required if the hematoma is greater than 3 cm (1 in), if there is a structural vascular lesion or lobar hemorrhage in a young patient. [34] A catheter may be passed into the brain vasculature to close off or dilate blood vessels, avoiding invasive surgical procedures. [45]
Examples of brain diseases that require urgent intervention are: large volume hemorrhage, brain herniation, and cerebral infarction. Other advantages of CT over MRI scan are ability to detect bony fractures, vascular injury, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.