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Worker at carbon black plant, 1942. Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a limited supply of air.
Bone char is primarily made from cattle and pig bones; however, to prevent the spread of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, the skull and spine are no longer used. [2] The bones are heated in a sealed vessel at up to 700 °C (1,292 °F); the oxygen concentration must be kept low while doing this, as it affects the quality of the product, particularly its adsorption capacity.
Another valuable property of electroconductive carbon black is its excellent ability to absorb UV radiation on the visible spectrum, i.e. as a UV stabilizer for plastic materials, pigment in printer inks, paints and varnishes, or for coloring plastics, rubbers and sealants. [3] [2] [1] [5]
Many of these pigments are also used as artist paints, textiles, [3] automotive paint, [5] or for printer's ink. [6] Most inks are organic compounds, [7] such as azo dyes and pigments. [3] Some inks also often contain heavy metals. [7] Pigments can be small bits of solids or discrete molecules, such as titanium dioxide or iron oxide. [2]
Iron pigments. Mars black or Iron black (PBk11) (C.I. No.77499) Synthetic magnetite Fe 3 O 4. Manganese pigments.
The name is a portmanteau of the acronym VANTA (vertically aligned nanotube arrays) [5] and black. The original Vantablack coating was grown from a chemical vapour deposition process (CVD) and is claimed to be the "world's darkest material" absorbing up to 99.965% of visible light measured perpendicular to the material.