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Downwelling is the downward movement of a fluid parcel and its properties (e.g., salinity, temperature, pH) within a larger fluid. It is closely related to upwelling , the upward movement of fluid. While downwelling is most commonly used to describe an oceanic process, it's also used to describe a variety of Earth phenomena.
Evidence has shown that eddy pumping-induced upwelling and downwelling may play a significant role in shaping the way that carbon is stored in the ocean. Despite the fact that research in this field is only developing recently, first results show that eddies contribute less than 5% of the total annual export of phytoplankton to the ocean interior.
Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine geology has strong ties to geophysics and to physical oceanography.
This process is important for ventilating the ocean with oxygen. Diapycnal mixing is the movement of water by either upwelling or downwelling. This mixing is occurring vertically, across the isopycnal layer boundaries. These mixing processes are essential for nutrient distribution and the upwelling of cold bottom water.
Downwelling – Process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material; Halothermal circulation – Part of large-scale ocean circulation; Hydrothermal circulation – Circulation of water driven by heat exchange
Upwelling and downwelling areas in the oceans are areas where significant vertical currents of water are observed. Ocean currents can be contrasted with the tidal currents that occur in coastal areas. Ocean surface waves – are surface waves that occur on the free surface of the ocean. They usually result from wind, and are also referred to as ...
Ekman pumping is the component of Ekman transport that results in areas of downwelling due to the convergence of water. [9] As discussed above, the concept of mass conservation requires that a pile up of surface water must be pushed downward.
Pycnocline during stable stratification of deep water layers. The pycnocline is the transitory region between a surface layer of water (warmer and less dense) and deeper layer of water (colder and more dense).