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The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl ( −OH ) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of " thio- " with "alcohol".
The cysteine sulfhydryl group is nucleophilic and easily oxidized. The reactivity is enhanced when the thiol is ionized, and cysteine residues in proteins have pK a values close to neutrality, so are often in their reactive thiolate form in the cell. [23] Because of its high reactivity, the sulfhydryl group of cysteine has numerous biological ...
Since most cellular compartments are reducing environments, in general, disulfide bonds are unstable in the cytosol, with some exceptions as noted below, unless a sulfhydryl oxidase is present. [14] Cystine is composed of two cysteines linked by a disulfide bond (shown here in its neutral form).
When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions. One common form of polar interaction is the hydrogen bond, which is also
For repeating units of polymers, functional groups attach to their nonpolar core of carbon atoms and thus add chemical character to carbon chains. Functional groups can also be charged, e.g. in carboxylate salts (−COO −), which turns the molecule into a polyatomic ion or a complex ion.
Sulfanyl (HS •), also known as the mercapto radical, hydrosulfide radical, or hydridosulfur, is a simple radical molecule consisting of one hydrogen and one sulfur atom. . The radical appears in metabolism in organisms as H 2 S is detoxif
What happens after an executive order is signed? After a president signs an executive order, the White House sends the document to the Office of the Federal Register, the executive branch's ...
The hydrophobic effect is the desire for non-polar molecules to aggregate in aqueous solutions in order to separate from water. [22] This phenomenon leads to minimum exposed surface area of non-polar molecules to the polar water molecules (typically spherical droplets), and is commonly used in biochemistry to study protein folding and other ...