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Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide.AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. [1]
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR or AFLP) is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by Pieter Vos, [ 1 ] AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA , followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of the restriction ...
A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar. [1] They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA, which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication and transcription. [2]
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.
As a summary, a typical DNA rolling circle replication has five steps: [2] Circular dsDNA will be "nicked". The 3' end is elongated using "unnicked" DNA as leading strand (template); 5' end is displaced. Displaced DNA is a lagging strand and is made double stranded via a series of Okazaki fragments. Replication of both "unnicked" and displaced ...
DNA and RNA also contain other (non-primary) bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed. In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C). In RNA, there are many modified bases, including those contained in the nucleosides pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), and 7-methylguanosine ...
DNA replication is a natural form of copying DNA with the amount of genes remaining constant. However, the amount of DNA or the number of genes can also increase within an organism through gene duplication, a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1’ carbon. [1] ADP can be interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ATP contains one more phosphate group than ADP, while AMP contains one fewer phosphate group.