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The local Takri variants got the status of official scripts in some of the Punjab Hill States, and were used for both administrative and literary purposes until the 19th century. [3] After 1948, when Himachal Pradesh was established as an administrative unit, the local Takri variants were replaced by Devanagari .
Notably, some Western Pahari languages, such as Dogri and Kangri, are tonal like their close relative Punjabi, but unlike most other Indic languages. Dogri has been an official language in India since 2003. Claus Peter Zoller suggests that the Bangani language is closely related to, or belongs to, the Western Pahari languages.
Major Indo-Aryan languages of South Asia; Northern Aryan languages are in shades of brown. The Northern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Pahāṛi languages, are a proposed group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas, from Nepal in the east, through the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab [1] [2] (not to be confused with ...
Pahari, or Pahadi (पहाड़ी پہاڑی pahāṛī 'of the hills/mountains'; English: / p ə ˈ h ɑː r i /), [1] is an ambiguous term that has been used for a variety of languages, dialects and language groups, most of which are found in the lower Himalayas. Most commonly, it refers to:
Dogri (Devanagari: डोगरी; Name Dogra Akkhar: 𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠮; Nastaliq: ڈوگری; IPA: [ɖoːɡ.ɾiː]) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Western Pahari group, [5] primarily spoken in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, with smaller groups of speakers in the adjoining regions of western Himachal Pradesh, northern Punjab, [6] and north-eastern Pakistani Punjab. [7]
Punjabi may also be considered as a pluricentric language with more than one standard variety. [9] Map of dialects of Punjabi dialects and languages. Punjabi is a language spoken primarily in the Punjab region, which is divided between India and Pakistan. It is also spoken by Punjabi diaspora communities around the world.
The Himalayan Languages Project, launched in 1993, is a research collective based at Leiden University and comprising much of the world's authoritative research on the lesser-known and endangered languages of the Himalayas, in Nepal, China, Bhutan, and India. Its members regularly spend months or years at a time doing field research with native ...
Also playing a major role in consolidating and standardizing the Punjabi language, it served as the main medium of literacy in Punjab and adjoining areas for centuries when the earliest schools were attached to gurdwaras. [22] The first natively produced grammars of the Punjabi language were written in the 1860s in Gurmukhi. [33]