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Phentermine, also known as α,α-dimethylphenethylamine or as α-methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] It is the derivative of amphetamine in which a second methyl group is present at the alpha carbon .
Phentermine is a substituted amphetamine and topiramate has an unknown mechanism of action Approved for weight management (short-term) by the FDA but not the European Medicines Agency [ 54 ] 10% [ 55 ] or 8.25 kilograms (18.2 lb) [ 56 ]
Phentermine and topiramate can cause fetal harm. Data from pregnancy registries and epidemiology studies indicate that a fetus exposed to topiramate in the first trimester of pregnancy has an increased risk of oral clefts (cleft lip with or without cleft palate). [3]
[11] [18] A few other MRAs have also been found to be inactive at VMAT2, such as phentermine and benzylpiperazine (BZP). [11] [18] These findings indicate that VMAT2 activity is non-essential for robust MRA actions. [11] [18] Phenmetrazine does not appear to have been assessed at the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). [19] [20]
Fenfluramine as a single drug was first introduced in the 1970s, but was not popular because it only temporarily reduced weight. [1] A 1984 study found a weight loss of 7.5 kg on average in 24 weeks, as compared to 4.4 kg under placebo. [4]
Amphetamine, the prototypical monoamine releasing agent, which induces the release of dopamine and norepinephrine. [1]A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and ...
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