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This is a list of the fundamental frequencies in hertz (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 108-key extended piano in twelve-tone equal temperament, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A 4), tuned to 440 Hz (referred to as A440). [1] [2] Every octave is made of twelve steps called semitones.
A440 is often used as a tuning reference in just intonation regardless of the fundamental note or key. The US time and frequency station WWV broadcasts a 440 Hz signal at two minutes past every hour, with WWVH broadcasting the same tone at the first minute past every hour. This was added in 1936 to aid orchestras in tuning their instruments. [11]
Standard tuning is the tuning most frequently used on a six-string guitar and musicians assume this tuning by default if a specific alternate (or scordatura) is not mentioned. In scientific pitch notation, [4] the guitar's standard tuning consists of the following notes: E 2 –A 2 –D 3 –G 3 –B 3 –E 4.
Mi-composé is a tuning commonly used for rhythm guitar in African popular music forms such as soukous and makossa. [61] It is similar to the standard guitar tuning, except that the d string is raised an entire octave. This is accomplished by replacing the d string with an e' string and tuning it to d'.
Pythagorean tuning is a system of musical tuning in which the frequency ratios of all intervals are determined by choosing a sequence of fifths [2] which are "pure" or perfect, with ratio :. This is chosen because it is the next harmonic of a vibrating string, after the octave (which is the ratio 2 : 1 {\displaystyle 2:1} ), and hence is the ...
The most commonly used tuning is A-E-A-E. Likewise banjo players in this tradition use many tunings to play melody in different keys. A common alternative banjo tuning for playing in D is A-D-A-D-E. Many Folk guitar players also used different tunings from standard, such as D-A-D-G-A-D, which is very popular for Irish music.
There really is no "standard" tuning for baritone guitar; choice of tuning depends on instrument, stringing, and player's preferences. Guitar, bass: 4 strings 4 courses. Standard/common: E 1 A 1 D 2 G 2. Alternates: D 1 A 1 D 2 G 2; D 1 G 1 C 2 F 2; Bass, electric bass, 4-string bass, Fender bass USA First U.S. patent filed by Leo Fender on ...
For example, a 1740 tuning fork associated with Handel is pitched at A = 422.5 Hz, ⓘ while a specimen from 1780 is pitched at A = 409 Hz, ⓘ about a quarter-tone lower. [4] A tuning fork that belonged to Ludwig van Beethoven around 1800, now in the British Library , is pitched at A = 455.4 Hz ⓘ , well over a half-tone higher.