Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable [1] is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom , but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique.
An initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) [5] is a block of bits that is used by several modes to randomize the encryption and hence to produce distinct ciphertexts even if the same plaintext is encrypted multiple times, without the need for a slower re-keying process.
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on ca.wikipedia.org Mode Galois/Comptador; Usage on de.wikipedia.org Galois/Counter Mode; Usage on fr.wikipedia.org
NIST Special Publication 800-38D [5] includes guidelines for initialization vector selection and limits the number of possible initialization vector values for a single key. As the security assurance of GCM degrades with more data being processed using the same key, the total number of blocks of plaintext and AD protected during the lifetime of ...
In the popular cipher block chaining (CBC) mode, for encryption to be secure the initialization vector passed along with the plaintext message must be a random or pseudo-random value, which is added in an exclusive-or manner to the first plaintext block before it is encrypted. The resultant ciphertext block is then used as the new ...
The state is initialized by an initialization vector IV (constant for each cipher type, e.g., hex 80400c0600000000 for Ascon-128) concatenated with K and N. [9]
CBC uses a random initialization vector (IV) to ensure that distinct ciphertexts are produced even when the same plaintext is encoded multiple times. The IV can be transmitted in the clear without jeopardizing security. A common practice is to prepend the 16 byte IV to the ciphertext, which gives the decrypter easy access to the IV.
The algorithm starts with an initial value, the initialization vector (IV). The IV is a fixed value (algorithm- or implementation-specific). For each message block, the compression (or compacting) function f takes the result so far, combines it with the message block, and produces an intermediate result. The last block is padded with zeros as ...