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  2. Cardinality (SQL statements) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality_(SQL_statements)

    High-cardinality refers to columns with values that are very uncommon or unique. High-cardinality column values are typically identification numbers, email addresses, or user names. An example of a data table column with high-cardinality would be a USERS table with a column named USER_ID. This column would contain unique values of 1-n. Each ...

  3. Many-to-many (data model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-to-many_(data_model)

    For example, think of A as Authors, and B as Books. An Author can write several Books, and a Book can be written by several Authors. In a relational database management system, such relationships are usually implemented by means of an associative table (also known as join table, junction table or cross-reference table), say, AB with two one-to-many relationships A → AB and B → AB.

  4. Cardinality (data modeling) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality_(data_modeling)

    In this example, the three lines next to the song entity indicate that an artist can have many songs. The two vertical lines next to the artist entity indicate songs can only have one performer. In the real world, data modeling is critical because as the data grows voluminous, tables linked by keys must be used to speed up programmed retrieval ...

  5. One-to-many (data model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-to-many_(data_model)

    For example, take a car and an owner of the car. The car can only be owned by one owner at a time or not owned at all, and an owner could own zero, one, or multiple cars. One owner could have many cars, one-to-many. In a relational database, a one-to-many relationship exists when one record is related to many records of another table. A one-to ...

  6. Associative entity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_entity

    A relational database requires the implementation of a base relation (or base table) to resolve many-to-many relationships. A base relation representing this kind of entity is called, informally, an associative table. An associative entity (using Chen notation)

  7. Relational algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_algebra

    In 1998 Chris Date and Hugh Darwen proposed a language called Tutorial D intended for use in teaching relational database theory, and its query language also draws on ISBL's ideas. [10] Rel is an implementation of Tutorial D. Bmg is an implementation of relational algebra in Ruby which closely follows the principles of Tutorial D and The Third ...

  8. Physical schema - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_schema

    A physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management system. In the lifecycle of a project it typically derives from a logical data model , though it may be reverse-engineered from a given database implementation.

  9. Join (SQL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)

    The Oracle implementation limits itself to using bitmap indexes. A bitmap join index is used for low-cardinality columns (i.e., columns containing fewer than 300 distinct values, according to the Oracle documentation): it combines low-cardinality columns from multiple related tables. The example Oracle uses is that of an inventory system, where ...