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"The metabolic pathway of glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate via a series of intermediate metabolites. Each chemical modification (red box) is performed by a different enzyme. Steps 1 and 3 consume ATP (blue) and steps 7 and 10 produce ATP (yellow). Since steps 6-10 occur twice per glucose molecule, this leads to a net production of energy."
The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. The glyoxylate cycle centers on the conversion of acetyl-CoA to succinate for the synthesis of carbohydrates . [ 1 ]
d -Glucose + 2 [NAD] + + 2 [ADP] + 2 [P] i 2 × Pyruvate 2 × + 2 [NADH] + 2 H + + 2 [ATP] + 2 H 2 O Glycolysis pathway overview The use of symbols in this equation makes it appear unbalanced with respect to oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges. Atom balance is maintained by the two phosphate (P i) groups: Each exists in the form of a hydrogen phosphate anion, dissociating to contribute ...
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CropSyst, a multi-year multi-crop daily time-step crop simulation model developed by a team at Washington State University's Department of Biological Systems Engineering. [ 4 ] DSSAT , the Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer, is a multi-crop, multi-year crop simulation model which evolved from the IBSNAT (1982-1993) and ICASA ...
For the pyruvate, the ED pathway ends here, and the pyruvate then goes into further metabolic pathways (TCA cycle, ETC cycle, etc). The other product (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is further converted by entering into the glycolysis pathway, via which it, too, gets converted into pyruvate for further metabolism.
On top of the gradual growth of the plant, the image reveals the true meaning of phototropism and cell elongation, meaning the light energy from the sun is causing the growing plant to bend towards the light aka elongate. Plant growth and development are mediated by specific plant hormones and plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Ross et al. 1983). [10]
The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. [1] It generates NADPH and pentoses (five- carbon sugars ) as well as ribose 5-phosphate , a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides . [ 1 ]