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A dog's coat is composed of two layers: a top coat of stiff guard hairs that help repel water and shield from dirt, and an undercoat of soft down hairs, to serve as insulation. [1] Dogs with both under coat and top coat are said to have a double coat. Dogs with a single coat have a coat composed solely of guard hairs, with little or no downy ...
Dog coat color is governed by how genes are passed from dogs to their puppies and how those genes are expressed in each dog. Dogs have about 19,000 genes in their genome [2] but only a handful affect the physical variations in their coats. Most genes come in pairs, one being from the dog's mother and one being from its father.
When a dog has wild-type alleles at all three genes, it will have a yellow coat. When the dog has a loss-of-function allele at MC1R, it will have a yellow coat regardless of the genes it carries on the other two genes. Only a dominant black allele at CBD103 will produce a black coat color in dogs possessing wild-type alleles at MC1R and Agouti. [8]
However, the dilution of colour is not visible in the phenotype - the dog has the same coat colour as a DD dog. dd: Sire and dam have inherited the allele for the dilute colour expression. The black areas of the coat are lightened to blue, dogs additionally lightened by the gene on the B locus take on the colour typical of the Weimaraner.
Brindle coloration is less distinct on longer-haired dogs, like the Akita Inu. The brindle pattern may also take the place of tan in tricolor coats of some dog breeds (such as Basenjis). This coloration looks very similar to tricolor, and can be distinguished only at close range. Dogs of this color are often described as "trindle".
These DNA kits for dogs give you way more information than your dog’s breed composition. Many of the kits can be upgraded to include more health and trait testing or allergy and age tests.
All dogs exhibiting the harlequin pattern also have the merle allele. Found only in Great Danes, (and registered as Harlequin). [19] In 2018, a published paper identified six general categories of merle alleles that affect (or do not affect) the final coat color depending on the length of the SINE insertion within them. [20]
An agouti dog, also called wolf sable. In dogs, the agouti gene is associated with various coat colors and patterns. [10]The alleles at the A locus are related to the production of agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) and determine whether an animal expresses an agouti appearance and, by controlling the distribution of pigment in individual hairs, what type of agouti.