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Pap staining is used to differentiate cells in smear preparations (in which samples are spread or smeared onto a glass microscope slide) [6] from various bodily secretions and needle biopsies; the specimens may include gynecological smears (), sputum, brushings, washings, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, [4] abdominal fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, seminal fluid, [7] fine needle aspirations ...
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
With a Pap smear, cells collected using a spatula are smeared onto a slide for examination under a microscope. In liquid-based cytology, a sample of cells is taken using a small brush. The cells are put into a container of liquid, and analysed for abnormalities. Cervical cells to be tested for HPV are collected in a similar way. [5]
Currently, the pap smear — in which cells taken from the cervix are examined by a doctor “for cervical cancer or cell changes,” per the National Cancer Institute — is the recommended ...
Of all women with HSIL results, 2% [8] or less [9] have invasive cervical cancer at that time, however about 20% would progress to having invasive cervical cancer without treatment. [ 10 ] [ needs update ] To combat this progression, HSIL is usually followed by an immediate colposcopy with biopsy to sample or remove the dysplastic tissue.
In a pap smear, a gynecologist uses a speculum to open the walls of the vagina, and then uses an instrument to collect cells from the cervix. As the Mayo Clinic notes, it “may feel uncomfortable.
The Ayre spatula is a device used to collect Pap smear. It is a wooden spatula with U-shaped openings on one side and a flat surface on another. [1] The broad end is for vaginal sample collection and the narrow end is for cervical sample collection. It is rotated 360 degrees in the vagina to obtain the cells to be sent for Pap smear examination.
Micrograph showing navicular cell in extremely high magnification. Navicular cell is a boat-shaped benign epithelial cell seen in Pap smear. [1] They are seen in pregnancy (most prominently during smears taken in the second trimester), [2] second half of menstrual cycle, during menopause and in women using medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provera) for contraception.