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For two of these, the external tangent lines, the circles fall on the same side of the line; for the two others, the internal tangent lines, the circles fall on opposite sides of the line. The external tangent lines intersect in the external homothetic center, whereas the internal tangent lines intersect at the internal homothetic center. Both ...
In geometry, tangent circles (also known as kissing circles) are circles in a common plane that intersect in a single point. There are two types of tangency : internal and external. Many problems and constructions in geometry are related to tangent circles; such problems often have real-life applications such as trilateration and maximizing the ...
A circle is tangent to a point if it passes through the point, and tangent to a line if they intersect at a single point P or if the line is perpendicular to a radius drawn from the circle's center to P. Circles tangent to two given points must lie on the perpendicular bisector. Circles tangent to two given lines must lie on the angle bisector ...
Thus, as the solution circle swells, the internally tangent given circles must swell in tandem, whereas the externally tangent given circles must shrink, to maintain their tangencies. Viète used this approach to shrink one of the given circles to a point, thus reducing the problem to a simpler, already solved case.
Monge's theorem states that the three such points given by the three pairs of circles always lie in a straight line. In the case of two of the circles being of equal size, the two external tangent lines are parallel. In this case Monge's theorem asserts that the other two intersection points must lie on a line parallel to those two external ...
They are all named for Frederick Soddy, who rediscovered Descartes' theorem on the radii of mutually tangent quadruples of circles. Any triangle has three externally tangent circles centered at its vertices. Two more circles, its Soddy circles, are tangent to the three circles centered at the vertices; their centers are called Soddy centers.
The ex-tangential quadrilateral is closely related to the tangential quadrilateral (where the four sides are tangent to a circle). Another name for an excircle is an escribed circle, [3] but that name has also been used for a circle tangent to one side of a convex quadrilateral and the extensions of the adjacent two sides. In that context all ...
This is true for any set of circles that are internally tangent to one given circle and externally tangent to the other; such systems of circles appear in the Pappus chain, the problem of Apollonius, and the three-dimensional Soddy's hexlet. Similarly, if some circles of the Steiner chain are externally tangent to both given circles, their ...