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Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula Li Cl.The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li + ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and its hygroscopic properties.
Salting out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) [1] is a purification technique that utilizes the reduced solubility of certain molecules in a solution of very high ionic strength.
English: Diagram showing the differences between a compound, a precipitate, a supernate, and a suspension. Español: Etapas del proceso de precipitación, de izquierda a derecha: solución sobresaturada, suspensión y solución saturada con precipitado en la parte inferior.
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". [1] [2] The solid formed is called the precipitate. [3] In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant. [4]
Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water. Downstream processing refers to purification of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients produced by fermentation or synthesized by plant and animal tissues, for example antibiotics, citric acid, vitamin E, and insulin.
The technique makes use of the single solvent system, outlined above, by dissolving a crude reaction mixture, in a minimum amount of hot solvent, before gravity filtering the saturated solution to remove insoluble matter. The saturated solution will then passively cool, yielding pure crystals. [7]
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.
Precipitation in hydrometallurgy involves the chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions, either of metals and their compounds or of the contaminants. Precipitation will proceed when, through reagent addition, evaporation , pH change or temperature manipulation, the amount of a species present in the solution exceeds the maximum determined ...