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Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [1]In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction.
The example of flammable, having the same meaning as inflammable, is an example of analogical creation, as the word flammable has been created and added to the language system. Analogical maintenance occurs when a regular sound change is prevented from occurring on the basis of analogy.
The two things compared in a figurative analogy are not obviously comparable in most respects. [2] Metaphors and similes are two types of figurative analogies. In the course of analogical reasoning, figurative analogies become weak if the disanalogies of the entities being compared are relevant—in the same way that literal analogies become ...
The etymology of a word may uncover a metaphorical usage which has since become obscured with persistent use - such as for example the English word "window", etymologically equivalent to "wind eye". [7] The word metaphor itself is a metaphor, coming from a Greek term meaning 'transference (of ownership)'.
Uses of figurative language, or figures of speech, can take multiple forms, such as simile, metaphor, hyperbole, and many others. [12] Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature says that figurative language can be classified in five categories: resemblance or relationship, emphasis or understatement, figures of sound, verbal games, and errors.
For example, if A. Plato was mortal, and B. Socrates was like Plato in other respects, then asserting that C. Socrates was mortal is an example of argument by analogy because the reasoning employed in it proceeds from a particular truth in a premise (Plato was mortal) to a similar particular truth in the conclusion, namely that Socrates was mortal.
Analogy blindness leads to the rejection of analogies based on surface-level differences, ignoring deeper structural or thematic parallels. [4] This can limit understanding and hinder the meaningful exploration of ideas. Ben Kling gave the example of analogy blindness in the case of comparison between a volcano and a geyser. [4]
A simile (/ ˈ s ɪ m əl i /) is a type of figure of speech that directly compares two things. [1] [2] Similes are often contrasted with metaphors, where similes necessarily compare two things using words such as "like", "as", while metaphors often create an implicit comparison (i.e. saying something "is" something else).