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Some of the manuscripts representing the Alexandrian text-type have Byzantine corrections made by later hands (Papyrus 66, Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Ephraemi, Codex Regius, and Codex Sangallensis). [4] When compared to witnesses of the Byzantine text type, Alexandrian manuscripts tend to have more abrupt readings and omit verses. [5]
All extant manuscripts of all text-types are at least 85% identical and most of the variations are not translatable into English, such as word order or spelling. When compared to witnesses of the Western text-type, Alexandrian readings tend to be shorter and are commonly regarded as having a lower tendency to expand or paraphrase.
Compared to Alexandrian text-type manuscripts, the distinct Byzantine readings tend to show a greater tendency toward smooth and well-formed Greek, they display fewer instances of textual variation between parallel Synoptic Gospel passages, and they are less likely to present contradictory or "difficult" issues of exegesis. [21]
In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Western text-type is one of the main text types.It is the predominant form of the New Testament text witnessed in the Old Latin and Syriac translations from the Greek, and also in quotations from certain 2nd and 3rd-century Christian writers, including Cyprian, Tertullian and Irenaeus.
Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century. Textual criticism [a] is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books.
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book). and is the earliest known manuscript of the epistles of Jude and 1 & 2 Peter in their entirety, though a few verses of Jude are in a fragment designated as 𝔓 78 (P. Oxy. 2684). [3] P.Bodmer VII (Jude) and P.Bodmer VIII (1-2 Peter) form part of a single book (the Bodmer Miscellaneous ...
Papyrus 75 (formerly Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV, now Hanna Papyrus 1), is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus containing text from the Gospel of Luke 3:18–24:53, and John 1:1–15:8. [1]: 101 It is designated by the siglum 𝔓 75 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts.
The Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (Paris, National Library of France, Greek 9) is a manuscript of the Greek Bible, [1] written on parchment.It is designated by the siglum C or 04 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and δ 3 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts.