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Figure 2. Xcas can solve equations, calculate derivatives, antiderivatives and more. Figure 3. Xcas can solve differential equations. Xcas is a user interface to Giac, which is an open source [2] computer algebra system (CAS) for Windows, macOS and Linux among many other platforms. Xcas is written in C++. [3]
The primary difference between a computer algebra system and a traditional calculator is the ability to deal with equations symbolically rather than numerically. The precise uses and capabilities of these systems differ greatly from one system to another, yet their purpose remains the same: manipulation of symbolic equations.
There are various equivalent ways to define the determinant of a square matrix A, i.e. one with the same number of rows and columns: the determinant can be defined via the Leibniz formula, an explicit formula involving sums of products of certain entries of the matrix. The determinant can also be characterized as the unique function depending ...
A square root of a 2×2 matrix M is another 2×2 matrix R such that M = R 2, where R 2 stands for the matrix product of R with itself. In general, there can be zero, two, four, or even an infinitude of square-root matrices. In many cases, such a matrix R can be obtained by an explicit formula.
There is a determinant map from the matrix ring GL(R ) to the abelianised unit group R × ab with the following properties: [1] The determinant is invariant under elementary row operations; The determinant of the identity matrix is 1; If a row is left multiplied by a in R × then the determinant is left multiplied by a
When this matrix is square, that is, when the function takes the same number of variables as input as the number of vector components of its output, its determinant is referred to as the Jacobian determinant. Both the matrix and (if applicable) the determinant are often referred to simply as the Jacobian in literature. [4]
In matrix inversion however, instead of vector b, we have matrix B, where B is an n-by-p matrix, so that we are trying to find a matrix X (also a n-by-p matrix): = =. We can use the same algorithm presented earlier to solve for each column of matrix X. Now suppose that B is the identity matrix of size n.
In matrix calculus, Jacobi's formula expresses the derivative of the determinant of a matrix A in terms of the adjugate of A and the derivative of A. [1]If A is a differentiable map from the real numbers to n × n matrices, then