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Anonymous types are nameless classes that are generated by the compiler. They are only consumable and yet very useful in a scenario like where one has a LINQ query which returns an object on select and one just wants to return some specific values. Then, define an anonymous type containing auto-generated read-only fields for the values.
In computer programming, a function object [a] is a construct allowing an object to be invoked or called as if it were an ordinary function, usually with the same syntax (a function parameter that can also be a function). In some languages, particularly C++, function objects are often called functors (not related to the functional programming ...
Notice that the type of the result can be regarded as everything past the first supplied argument. This is a consequence of currying, which is made possible by Haskell's support for first-class functions; this function requires two inputs where one argument is supplied and the function is "curried" to produce a function for the argument not supplied.
If the call variability relies on more than the single type of the object on which it is called (i.e. at least one other parameter object is involved in the method choice), one speaks of multiple dispatch. A method call is also known as message passing. It is conceptualized as a message (the name of the method and its input parameters) being ...
Boxing is the operation of converting a value-type object into a value of a corresponding reference type. [108] Boxing in C# is implicit. Unboxing is the operation of converting a value of a reference type (previously boxed) into a value of a value type. [108] Unboxing in C# requires an explicit type cast. A boxed object of type T can only be ...
In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
To apply such a function object, one must use the funcall function: (funcall #'foo bar baz). Python Explicit partial application with functools.partial since version 2.5, and operator.methodcaller since version 2.6. Ruby The identifier of a regular "function" in Ruby (which is really a method) cannot be used as a value or passed.
When a function is attached as a property of an object and called as a method of that object (e.g. obj.f(x)), this will refer to the object that the function is contained within. [14] [15] It is even possible to manually specify this when calling a function, by using the .call() or .apply() methods of the function object. [16]