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List of side effects of estradiol which may occur as a result of its use or have been associated with estrogen and/or progestogen therapy includes: [1] [2]. Gynecological: changes in vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, increase in size of uterine leiomyomata, vaginitis including vaginal candidiasis, changes in cervical secretion and cervical ectropion, ovarian cancer, endometrial hyperplasia ...
The two main types of anti-resorptive drugs are bisphosphonate and denosumab. These drugs help to decrease the risk of bone fracture and bone pain. Because the mandible has a faster remodeling rate compared to other bones in the body, it is more affected by the effects of these drugs. [30] Bisphosphonate
Epidural steroid injection for sciatica and spinal stenosis is of unclear effect. [1] The evidence to support use in the cervical spine is not very good. [3] When medical imaging is not used to determine the proper spot for injection, ESI benefits appear to be of short-term benefit when used in sciatica. [4]
Necrotic bone does not undergo resorption; therefore, it appears relatively more opaque. Attempts at repair of ischaemic-damaged bone will usual occur in 2 phases. First, when dead bone abuts live marrow, capillaries and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells grow into the dead marrow spaces, while macrophages degrade dead cellular and fat debris ...
Sigmoidoscopy ("sigma", the Greek term for letter "s/ς" + "eidos" + "scopy": namely, to look inside an "s"/"ς"-like object) is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through to the nearest part of the colon, the sigmoid colon.
Side effects of corticosteroid injections include peripheral nerve injury, plantar fascia rupture, and post injection flare, among others. [10] Laser therapy, dry needling, and calcaneal taping are also utilized in treating plantar heel pain, however, there is no high quality evidence supporting the clinical usage of such modalities in ...
Common side effects may include joint pain, rash, vomiting, and headache. [4] Serious side effects may include heart attacks, stroke, increased cancer growth, or pure red cell aplasia. [2] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. [5] [6] They work similar to naturally occurring erythropoietin. [1]
Bone pain belongs to the class of deep somatic pain, often experienced as a dull pain that cannot be localized accurately by the patient. This is in contrast with the pain which is mediated by superficial receptors in, e.g., the skin. Bone pain can have several possible causes ranging from extensive physical stress to serious diseases such as ...