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The Suess cycle, or de Vries cycle, is a cycle present in radiocarbon proxies of solar activity with a period of about 210 years. It was named after Hans Eduard Suess and Hessel de Vries . [ 49 ] Despite calculated radioisotope production rates being well correlated with the 400-year sunspot record, there is little evidence of the Suess cycle ...
Sunspot counts exist since 1610 [2] but the cycle numbering is not well defined during the Maunder minimum. [3] It was proposed that one cycle might have been lost in the late 18th century, [4] but this remains not fully confirmed. Solar cycles can be reconstructed indirectly, using the radiocarbon 14 C proxy, for the last millennium. [5]
Sunspot number is correlated with the intensity of solar radiation over the period since 1979, when satellite measurements became available. The variation caused by the sunspot cycle to solar output is on the order of 0.1% of the solar constant (a peak-to-trough range of 1.3 W·m −2 compared with 1366 W·m −2 for the average solar constant).
The polarward reversed polarity sunspots suggested that a transition to cycle 25 was in process. [22] The first cycle 25 sunspot may have appeared in early April 2018 [23] [24] or even December 2016. [22] In November 2019, two reversed polarity sunspots appeared, possibly signaling the onset of cycle 25. [25] [26]
Benestad's 2005 review [79] found that the solar cycle did not follow Earth's global mean surface temperature. In 2022, Chatzistergos updated the cycle length series with recent sunspot and solar plages data, extending them to more recent periods than previous studies, and also considering the various available time series.
To calculate the 13-month smoothed monthly mean sunspot number, which is commonly used to calculate the minima and maxima of solar cycles, a tapered-boxcar smoothing function is used. For a given month m {\displaystyle m} , with a monthly sunspot number of R m {\displaystyle R_{m}} , the smoothed monthly mean R s {\displaystyle R_{s}} can be ...
NASA Solar Cycle 24 Sunspot Number Prediction. Solar cycle 24 is the most recently completed solar cycle, the 24th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. [1] [2] It began in December 2008 with a minimum smoothed sunspot number of 2.2, [3] [failed verification] and ended in December 2019. [4] Activity was minimal ...
A prediction for Sunspot Cycle 24 (2008-2020) gives a smoothed sunspot number maximum of about 66 in the Summer of 2013. Current observations make this the smallest sunspot cycle since records began in the 1750s. [1] Solar maximum is the regular period of greatest solar activity during the Sun's 11-year solar cycle.