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Matoniaceae is one of the three families of ferns in the Gleicheniales order of the Polypodiopsida class. [1] [2] Fossil records reveal that Matoniaceae ferns were abundant during the Mesozoic era (about 250-million to 66-million years ago), during which they lived on every continent, including Antarctica, with eight genera and 26 species, with the oldest known specimens being from the Middle ...
Below are lists of extant fern families and subfamilies using the classification scheme proposed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group in 2016 (PPG I). [1] The scheme is based on molecular phylogenetic studies, and also draws on earlier classifications, [1] particularly those by Smith et al. (2006), [2] Chase and Reveal (2009), [3] and Christenhusz et al. (2011). [4]
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of ferns containing four to six extant genera and 18–25 known species. It is the only living family of the order Osmundales in the class Polypodiopsida or in some classifications the only order in the class Osmundopsida.
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. [1] [2] In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae.
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase.
PPG I uses 18 lycopod and 319 fern genera. [1] The earlier system put forward by Smith et al. (2006) had suggested a range of 274 to 312 genera for ferns alone. [2] By contrast, the system of Christenhusz and Chase (2014) used 5 lycopod and about 212 fern genera. [3] The number of fern genera was further reduced to 207 in a subsequent ...
It comprises 10 genera with ca 240 known species, [2] including one of the world's most abundant ferns, Pteridium aquilinum (bracken). Members of the order generally have large, highly divided leaves and have either small, round intramarginal sori with cup-shaped indusia (e.g. Dennstaedtia ) or linear marginal sori with a false indusium formed ...
These ferns are characterized by root steles having 3–5 protoxylem poles and antheridia with 6–12 narrow, twisted or curved cells in their walls. [1] Otherwise, their habitus is highly diverse, including plants with the typical fern fronds, others whose leaves resemble those of palm trees, and yet others again which have undivided leaves.