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Routine screening of women with a glucose challenge test may find more women with gestational diabetes than only screening women with risk factors. [37] Hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) is not recommended for diagnosing gestational diabetes, as it is a less reliable marker of glycemia during pregnancy than oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). [38] [39]
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679. The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
This is a shortened version of the fifteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Certain Conditions originating in the Perinatal Period. It covers ICD codes 760 to 779. The full chapter can be found on pages 439 to 453 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
The risk of congenital malformations in pregestational type 1 diabetes is directly correlated with glucose and glycohemoglobin levels in the blood. It is also inversely related to the gestational age at first exposure. The comorbidities associated with pregestational type 2 diabetes include advanced maternal age, lipid peroxidation and obesity. [5]
MODY accounts for at least 1-5% of all diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, though 50-90% of cases are estimated to be misdiagnosed as type 1, or type 2 diabetes [4].Estimated prevalence rates indicate 1 per 10,000 in adults, and 1 per 23,000 in children [5]. 50% of first-degree relatives will inherit the same mutation, giving them a greater than 95% lifetime risk of developing MODY themselves. [6]
Prediabetes is a component of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that fall below the threshold to diagnose diabetes mellitus.It usually does not cause symptoms but people with prediabetes often have obesity (especially abdominal or visceral obesity), dyslipidemia with high triglycerides and/or low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. [1]
A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.