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These symptoms include weight loss, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, fast heart rate, and fatigue. Elevated levels of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream cause both conditions, but thyrotoxicosis is the term used with thyroiditis since the thyroid gland is not overactive, as in the case of hyperthyroidism. [1]
The thyroid gland is extremely painful, rigid, and swollen, which can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. [2] Approximately half of affected adolescents and two-thirds of adults have widespread thyroid gland involvement. [3] [5] Thyroid nodules are seen in one-fourth of adult patients. [6] The surrounding skin is occasionally warm and erythematous.
In case of Riedel's thyroiditis, fibrosis extends beyond the capsule and involves contiguous neck structures, clinically simulating thyroid carcinoma. There is a rapid thyroid enlargement. Compression of trachea, dysphagia are probable outcomes. Marked thyroid follicular cell atrophy confirms hypothyroidism.
Occurrences of AIT are most common in patients with prior thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or thyroid cancer. The most common cause of infection in children is a congenital abnormality such as pyriform sinus fistula. [5] In most cases, the infection originates in the piriform sinus and spreads to the thyroid via the fistula. [7]
Though the exact cause of myxedema is still unclear, a wealth of research has demonstrated the importance of iodine. [10] In an important study [11] the researchers showed that in the myxedematous type of cretinism treatment with iodine normalizes thyroid function provided that the treatment is begun early in the postnatal period. If not, the ...
Patients with Graves' disease can also undergo periods of hypothyroidism (inadequate production of thyroid hormone; see symptoms of hypothyroidism), due to the challenges of finding the right dosage of thyroid hormone suppression and/or supplementation. The body's need for thyroid hormone can also change over time, such as in the first months ...