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Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person has a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days, or weeks after an initial concussion, [ 1 ] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to second impact syndrome. [ 2 ]
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
Physiological and psychological factors present before, during, and after the injury are all thought to be involved in the development of PCS. [13] [needs update] Some experts believe post-concussion symptoms are caused by structural damage to the brain or disruption of neurotransmitter systems, resulting from the impact that caused the concussion.
Physical and mental rest are the usual treatments for a concussion, experts say. “The majority of patients who get concussions, the biggest thing that we worry about are the symptoms,” Franck ...
The brain may show signs of concussion for months or years after the injury occurred, according to a Canadian study of college athletes. ... Concussed athletes had their last injury at least nine ...
Concussion treatment had advanced in the years between his second concussion in 2018 and his third last fall. Gone was the treatment of sitting in a dark room. Gone was the ban on using electronics.
A young person who receives a second concussion before symptoms from another one have healed may be at risk for developing a very rare but deadly condition called second-impact syndrome, in which the brain swells catastrophically after even a mild blow, with debilitating or deadly results.
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when an athlete sustains a second concussive incident before the symptoms of a prior concussive incident have fully healed. [6] It does not take a severe concussion to cause SIS, even a mild grade concussion can lead to it. The condition is often fatal, and if death does not occur severe disability is probable.