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Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be equal to natremia, hence [Na+]x2 ≈ [Na+] + [anions] To calculate plasma osmolality use the following equation (typical in the US): = 2[Na +
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
BUN is an indication of kidney health. The normal range is 2.1–7.1 mmol/L or 6–20 mg/dL. [1]The main causes of an increase in BUN are: high-protein diet, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (suggestive of kidney failure), decrease in blood volume (hypovolemia), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, [5] fever, rapid cell destruction from infections, athletic ...
For the adult male, the normal range is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl, or 53 to 106 μmol/L by the kinetic or enzymatic method, and 0.8 to 1.5 mg/dl, or 70 to 133 μmol/L by the older manual Jaffé reaction. For the adult female, with her generally lower muscle mass, the normal range is 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dl, or 44 to 97 μmol/L by the enzymatic method.
Sodium (mmol/L) Creatinine (mg/dL) For ease of recall, one can just remember the fractional excretion of sodium is the clearance of sodium divided by the glomerular filtration rate (i.e. the "fraction" excreted).
According to the American Diabetes Association, the fasting blood glucose target range for diabetics, should be 3.9 - 7.2 mmol/L (70 - 130 mg/dL) and less than 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) two hours after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). [6] [7] [9] Normal value ranges may vary slightly between laboratories.
Spin leftovers from taco night into this easy salsa-topped avocado toast for an easy breakfast. Add an egg on top for extra protein. Chia seeds, a good source of healthy omega-3 fatty acids, are ...
mg/dL Full blood glucose (fasting) 3.3 [5] 5.6 [5] mmol/L 60 [177] 100 [177] mg/dL Random glucose: 3.9 [178] 7.8 [178] mmol/L 70 [179] 140 [179] mg/dL Lactate (Venous) 4.5 [23] 19.8 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 2.2 [180] mmol/L: Lactate (Arterial) 4.5 [23] 14.4 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 1.6 [180] mmol/L: Pyruvate: 300 [23] 900 [23] μg/dL: 34 [181] 102 ...