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  2. Pact of Madrid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid

    Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and the American President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Madrid in 1959. The Pact of Madrid, signed on 23 September 1953 by Francoist Spain and the United States, was a significant effort to break the international isolation of Spain after World War II, together with the Concordat of 1953.

  3. Warsaw Pact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Pact

    The Warsaw Pact (WP), [d] formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), [e] was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The term "Warsaw Pact" commonly refers to ...

  4. History of NATO - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_NATO

    During the Cold War, most of Europe was divided between two alliances. Members of NATO are shown in blue, with members of the Warsaw Pact in red and unaffiliated countries are in grey. Yugoslavia, although communist, had left the Soviet sphere in 1948, and Albania was a Warsaw Pact member-only until 1968.

  5. File:NATO vs. Warsaw Pact (1949-1990).svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NATO_vs._Warsaw_Pact...

    English: English: Border of NATO and Warsaw Pact in contrast to each other from 1949 (formation of NATO) to 1990 (withdrawal of East Germany). This map is based on File:BlankMap-World-Atlantic-(1949-1990).svg.

  6. Member states of NATO - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO

    NATO in 2025 . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an international military alliance consisting of 32 member states from Europe and North America. It was established at the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. Of the 32 member countries, 30 are in Europe and two are in North America.

  7. Pax Europaea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Europaea

    Transatlantic cooperation and European integration was designed to maintain the fragile peace that was created in Europe after World War II. With the continent repeatedly falling into war over the past centuries the creation of the European Communities in the 1950s set to integrate its members to such an extent that war between them would be impossible.

  8. Iron Curtain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain

    Austria was never part of the Warsaw Pact. During the Cold War, the Iron Curtain was a political metaphor used to describe the political and later physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

  9. Operation Unthinkable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable

    NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries in 1990. Operation Unthinkable was the name given to two related possible future war plans developed by the British Chiefs of Staff Committee against the Soviet Union during 1945. The plans were never implemented.