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In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and butan-2-ol. [1]
In organic chemistry, the oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction that transforms an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) into a neutral alcohol. In oxymercuration, the alkene reacts with mercuric acetate (AcO−Hg−OAc) in aqueous solution to yield the addition of an acetoxymercury (−HgOAc) group and a hydroxy (−OH) group across the ...
The reaction thus provides a more stereospecific and complementary regiochemical alternative to other hydration reactions such as acid-catalyzed addition and the oxymercuration–reduction process. The reaction was first reported by Herbert C. Brown in the late 1950s [2] and it was recognized in his receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979.
The same is true when an alkene reacts with water in an additional reaction to form an alcohol that involves carbocation formation. The hydroxyl group (OH) bonds to the carbon that has the greater number of carbon-carbon bonds, while the hydrogen bonds to the carbon on the other end of the double bond, that has more carbon–hydrogen bonds.
In organic chemistry, syn-and anti-addition are different ways in which substituent molecules can be added to an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) or alkyne (RC≡CR).The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction.
For example, one can take advantage of the propensity of HOCl to undergo this addition reaction by adding a sacrificial alkene-containing chemical to the reaction mixture. This alternate substrate reacts with the HOCl, preventing the HOCl from undergoing reactions that interfere with the Pinnick reaction itself.
In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct. [1] [2] An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds. Examples include a molecule with a carbon–carbon double bond (an alkene) or a triple bond (an alkyne).
In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes (R−CH=O) from alkenes (R 2 C=CR 2). [1] [2] This chemical reaction entails the net addition of a formyl group (−CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond.