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  2. Soil formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_formation

    The topography, or relief, is characterized by the inclination , elevation, and orientation of the terrain . Topography determines the rate of precipitation or runoff and the rate of formation or erosion of the surface soil profile. The topographical setting may either hasten or retard the work of climatic forces. [60]

  3. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    Sergeant Chris D. Washington checking his Topographic map during a morning deer hunt in Kilgore, Texas A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines Part of the same map in a perspective shaded relief view illustrating how the contour lines follow the terrain Sheet #535 (2013 version; second digital edition) of MTN50 Spanish National Topographic map series, covering Algete town (near ...

  4. Glossary of geography terms (N–Z) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    Precipitation that results when moist air is lifted over a topographic barrier, such as a mountain range. [5] orography A branch of physical geography and geomorphology concerned with the scientific study and description of the topographic relief of the Earth, particularly of mountains and hills, and more broadly of any elevated terrain. [4 ...

  5. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    2. The study and depiction of the physical features or relief of the floor of a lake or ocean. In this sense bathymetry is considered the underwater equivalent of hypsometry or topography. bay A coastal body of water that is directly connected to but recessed from a larger body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or another bay.

  6. Terrain cartography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain_cartography

    Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography , and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design , and more recently geographic ...

  7. Terrain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain

    Terrain (from Latin: terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of land. In physical geography , terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation , slope , and orientation of terrain features.

  8. Cycle of erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_of_erosion

    The model in its original form is intended to explain relief development in temperate landscapes in which erosion by running water is assumed to be of prime importance. [ 5 ] [ 7 ] Nevertheless, the cycle of erosion has been extended, with modifications, into arid , semi-arid , savanah , selva , glacial , coastal , karst and periglacial areas.

  9. Orography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orography

    Orography is the study of the topographic relief of mountains, [1] and can more broadly include hills, and any part of a region's elevated terrain. [2] Orography (also known as oreography, orology, or oreology) falls within the broader discipline of geomorphology. [3] The term orography comes from the Greek: όρος, hill, γράφω, to write.