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Egyptian faience is a non-clay based ceramic composed of crushed quartz or sand, with small amounts of calcite lime and a mixture of alkalis, displaying surface vitrification due to the soda lime silica glaze often containing copper pigments to create a bright blue-green luster. [7]
Egyptian faience pottery (as opposed to modern faience) was made from fired earthenware colored with a glaze. The art style was popular in the Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069 BC – c. 664 BC) of Egyptian history. Blue-green, the most popular color used on the earthenware, was achieved through the use of a quartz and calcite lime-based glaze ...
An important classification system for Egyptian pottery is the Vienna system, which was developed by Dorothea Arnold, Manfred Bietak, Janine Bourriau, Helen and Jean Jacquet, and Hans-Åke Nordström at a meeting in Vienna in 1980. Seriation of Egyptian pottery has proven useful for the relative chronology of ancient Egypt.
Instructions on how to make glass are contained in cuneiform tablets discovered in the library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. [citation needed] In Egypt, glass-making did not revive until it was reintroduced in Ptolemaic Alexandria. Core-formed vessels and beads were still widely produced, but other techniques came to the fore with ...
Although it is easier to distinguish between faience and Egyptian blue, due to the distinct core of faience objects and their separate glaze layers, it sometimes is difficult to differentiate glass from Egyptian blue due to the very fine texture that Egyptian blue occasionally could have. This is especially true during the New Kingdom, as ...
Perhaps the earliest glass-like beads were Egyptian faience beads, a form of clay bead with a self-forming vitreous coating. Glass beads are significant in archaeology because the presence of glass beads often indicate that there was trade and that the bead making technology was being spread.
Related to glass insofar as it attains a "vitreous" appearance, Egyptian faience was, according to David F. Grose, "a material made from powdered quartz covered with a true vitreous coating." Significantly more porous and malleable than glass proper, faience could be shaped by hand or cast in molds to create vessels or other objects. [4]
Glazed Egyptian faience dates to the third millennium BCE), with painted but unglazed pottery used even earlier during the predynastic Naqada culture. Faience became sophisticated and produced on a large scale, using moulds as well modelling, and later also throwing on the wheel. Several methods of glazing were developed, but colours remained ...